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Send Universal Transaction

Overview

Universal transactions let you execute transfers, contract calls, asset movement, and batched transactions across Push Chain and supported external chains through one unified interface.

You do not need separate transactions, wrapping, manual bridging, or extra tooling.

To understand this concept in detail, please see Understanding Universal Transactions.

How Routing Works

sendTransaction automatically selects the execution route based on the to and from fields.

RouteInput ShapeExecutes OnNotes
Route 1to: "0x..."Push ChainDefault route for Push Chain targets.
Route 2to: { address, chain }External chainExecutes on the specified external chain.
Route 3to: "0x..." and from: { chain }Push ChainUses your CEA on the specified external chain as the execution origin.

Send a Universal Transaction

pushChainClient.universal.sendTransaction({tx}): Promise<TxResponse>

const txResponse = await pushChainClient.universal.sendTransaction({
to: '0xa54E96d3fB93BD9f6cCEf87c2170aEdB1D47E1cF',
value: PushChain.utils.helpers.parseUnits('0.1', 18), // 0.1 PC in uPC
// value: BigInt('100000000000000000') is equivalent here
});

TheseArgumentsare mandatory

ArgumentsTypeDescription
tx.tostring | { address: string; chain: CHAIN }Defines the execution target. Passing a plain address triggers Push Chain execution.

Passing { address, chain } targets an external chain.
tx.from{ chain: PushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN }Optional. When set to an external chain, execution uses the Chain Executor Account (CEA) for that chain as the transaction origin.

This is primarily used for external origin or CEA-based execution flows.
PushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN
PushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.PUSH_TESTNETPushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUTPushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIAPushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.BNB_TESTNETPushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.BASE_SEPOLIAPushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIAPushChain.CONSTANTS.CHAIN.SOLANA_DEVNET
tx.valueBigIntNative value to send, expressed in the smallest unit of the execution context.

On Push Chain this is uPC (the smallest unit, like wei in ETH).

On external execution routes, this maps to the native asset amount of that route.
tx.datastring | Array<{ to: string; value: bigint; data: string }>Use string as ABI-encoded calldata for a single call.

Use Array<...> for batched multicall payload.
tx.funds{ amount: BigInt; token?: PushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN }Moves supported assets as part of the transaction flow. Depending on the route, assets may be moved into Push Chain or between Push Chain and a supported external chain. If tx.data is provided, asset movement and execution happen atomically.
PushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN
PushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.WETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.stETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.WETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.WETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.BNB_TESTNET.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.BNB_TESTNET.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.SOLANA_DEVNET.SOLPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.SOLANA_DEVNET.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.SOLANA_DEVNET.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.pEthPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.pEthArbPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.pEthBasePushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.pEthBnbPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.pSolPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDT.ethPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDT.arbPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDT.basePushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDT.bnbPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDT.solPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDC.ethPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDC.arbPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDC.basePushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDC.bnbPushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.PUSH_TESTNET_DONUT.USDC.sol
tx.progressHook(progress: ProgressHookType) => voidA callback function to receive progress updates during transaction lifecycle, especially useful for tracking cross-chain transactions.

Progress Hook Type and Response

ProgressHook Type and Response
FieldTypeDescription
progressObjectThe progress of the transaction.
progress.idstringUnique identifier for the progress event.
progress.titlestringBrief title of the progress event.
progress.messagestringDetailed message describing the event.
progress.levelINFO | SUCCESS | ERRORSeverity level of the event.
progress.timestampstringISO-8601 timestamp when the event occurred (e.g. 2025-06-26T15:04:05.000Z).
IDTitleMessageLevel
SEND-TX-01Origin Chain DetectedOrigin chain: <namespace> - Origin Address: <origin address>INFO
SEND-TX-02-01Estimating GasEstimating and fetching gas limit, gas price for TXINFO
SEND-TX-02-02Gas EstimatedTotal execution cost (Gas cost + value): <amount> UPCSUCCESS
SEND-TX-03-01Resolving UEAResolving Universal Executor Account (UEA) – computing address, checking deployment status/balanceINFO
SEND-TX-03-02UEA ResolvedUEA: <address>, Deployed: <true/false>SUCCESS
SEND-TX-04-01Awaiting TransactionAwaiting user transaction on origin chainINFO
SEND-TX-04-02Awaiting SignatureAwaiting user signature for universal payloadINFO
SEND-TX-04-03Verification SuccessVerification completed via Transaction or SignatureSUCCESS
SEND-TX-04-04Verification DeclinedVerification declined by userERROR
SEND-TX-05-01Gas Funding In ProgressGas funding tx sent: <origin chain tx hash>INFO
SEND-TX-05-02Gas Funding ConfirmedGas funding confirmed on origin chainSUCCESS
SEND-TX-06-01Preparing Funds TransferPreparing to move <amount> <symbol> from origin chainINFO
SEND-TX-06-02Funds Lock SubmittedLocking <amount> <symbol> for transfer (Tx hash: <origin tx hash>)INFO
SEND-TX-06-03Awaiting ConfirmationsWaiting for <required> confirmationsINFO
SEND-TX-06-03-01Confirmation #<current> Received<current>/<required> confirmations receivedINFO
SEND-TX-06-03-02Confirmation #<current> Received<current>/<required> confirmations receivedSUCCESS
SEND-TX-06-04Funds ConfirmedOrigin chain lock confirmedSUCCESS
SEND-TX-06-05Syncing State with Push ChainWaiting for transaction to appear on Push ChainSUCCESS
SEND-TX-06-06Funds Credited on Push ChainFunds credited: <amount> <symbol> (minus fees)SUCCESS
SEND-TX-07Broadcasting to Push ChainSending Tx to Push Chain...INFO
SEND-TX-99-01Push Chain Tx SuccessTx executed successfully on Push ChainSUCCESS
SEND-TX-99-02Push Chain Tx Failed<error message>ERROR
Advanced Arguments
ArgumentsTypeDefaultDescription
tx.gasLimitBigIntSDK EstimatedOptional override for transaction gas limit. If omitted, the SDK estimates it.
tx.maxFeePerGasBigIntSDK EstimatedOptional override for max fee per gas. If omitted, the SDK estimates it when applicable.
tx.maxPriorityFeePerGasBigIntSDK EstimatedOptional override for priority fee. If omitted, the SDK estimates it when applicable.
tx.payGasWith{ token?: PushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN; slippageBps?: number; minAmountOut?: bigint | string }-Pay universal transaction fees using a supported token (e.g., PushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.USDT).
 
Optional slippageBps (e.g., 100 = 1%) and minAmountOut (wei) let you control on-chain swap execution.
PushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN
PushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.WETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.stETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.ARBITRUM_SEPOLIA.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.ETHPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.BASE_SEPOLIA.USDCPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.BNB_TESTNET.BNBPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.BNB_TESTNET.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.SOLANA_DEVNET.SOLPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.SOLANA_DEVNET.USDTPushChain.CONSTANTS.PAYABLE.TOKEN.SOLANA_DEVNET.USDC
tx.deadlineBigInt-Optional execution deadline for the transaction.

Returns TxResponse

Returns `TxResponse` <object>
{
hash: '0xe2302bd21ab0902f37cb605d491ce5f95ee35ce4083405dddf3657d782acae35',
origin: 'eip155:42101:0xFd6C2fE69bE13d8bE379CCB6c9306e74193EC1A9',
blockNumber: 0n,
blockHash: '',
transactionIndex: 0,
chainId: '42101',
from: '0xFd6C2fE69bE13d8bE379CCB6c9306e74193EC1A9',
to: '0x35B84d6848D16415177c64D64504663b998A6ab4',
nonce: 341,
data: '0x',
value: 1000n,
gasLimit: 21000n,
gasPrice: 1325000000n,
maxFeePerGas: 1325000000n,
maxPriorityFeePerGas: 125000000n,
accessList: [],
wait: [Function: wait],
type: '2',
typeVerbose: 'eip1559',
signature: {
r: '0x556566ba1304bf8e93025fc82daff32eb24b7ee9804a76d0baa0098dfa7237de',
s: '0x4495d7811d3dcb1beac16f29261903b542b0b65f51aa5942f65dbaf67e735724',
v: 1,
yParity: 1
},
raw: {
from: '0xFd6C2fE69bE13d8bE379CCB6c9306e74193EC1A9',
to: '0x35B84d6848D16415177c64D64504663b998A6ab4',
nonce: 341,
data: '0x',
value: 1000n
}
}
PropertyTypeDescription
hashstringUnique transaction hash identifier
originstringOrigin identifier in format "eip155:chainId:address" or "solana:chainId:address"
blockNumberBigIntBlock number where transaction was included
blockHashstringHash of the block containing this transaction
transactionIndexnumberPosition/index of transaction within the block
chainIdstringChain identifier (e.g. Push Chain = 42101)
fromstringUEA (Universal Executor Account) that executed the transaction
tostringTarget address the UEA executed against
noncenumberDerived nonce for the UEA
datastringPerceived calldata (transaction input data)
valueBigIntAmount of native tokens transferred (in wei)
gasLimitBigIntMaximum gas units allocated for transaction
gasPriceBigIntGas price for legacy transactions (in wei)
maxFeePerGasBigIntMaximum fee per gas for EIP-1559 transactions
maxPriorityFeePerGasBigIntMaximum priority fee (tip) per gas for EIP-1559
accessListarrayEIP-2930 access list for optimized storage access
typestringTransaction type identifier
typeVerbosestringHuman-readable transaction type
signatureobjectECDSA signature components
signature.rstringR component of ECDSA signature
signature.sstringS component of ECDSA signature
signature.vnumberRecovery ID (legacy format)
signature.yParitynumberY-parity for EIP-1559 (0 or 1)
rawobjectOriginal on-chain transaction data
raw.fromstringActual from address that went on chain
raw.tostringActual to address that went on chain
raw.noncenumberActual raw nonce used on chain
raw.datastringActual raw data that went on chain
raw.valueBigIntActual derived value that went on chain
waitfunctionAsync function that returns a Promise resolving to UniversalTxReceipt
Getting `txReceipt` <object> from `txResponse` <object>

Calling the wait() function from txResponse object will give you a Promise<UniversalTxReceipt> once the transaction is confirmed on-chain.


const txReceipt = await txResponse.wait(1); // number of blocks confirmations to wait for
{
hash: '0xb52706db4116dd6bbea87be5142ac2c69b17fe8ccf8e2b88ac176adb30b90dd6',
blockNumber: 3413247n,
blockHash: '0x5a7b6e2716f7d4450b6ca08aebfe74cea3d876367a8afe6f603196ba8c346a2d',
transactionIndex: 0,
from: '0xFd6C2fE69bE13d8bE379CCB6c9306e74193EC1A9',
to: '0x35B84d6848D16415177c64D64504663b998A6ab4',
contractAddress: null,
gasPrice: 1325000000n,
gasUsed: 21000n,
cumulativeGasUsed: 21000n,
logs: [],
logsBloom: '0x00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
status: 1,
raw: {
from: '0xFd6C2fE69bE13d8bE379CCB6c9306e74193EC1A9',
to: '0x35B84d6848D16415177c64D64504663b998A6ab4',
nonce: 342,
data: '0x',
value: 1000n
}
}
PropertyTypeDescription
hashstringTransaction hash (same as in transaction response)
blockNumberBigIntBlock number where transaction was confirmed
blockHashstringHash of the block containing the transaction
transactionIndexnumberPosition/index of transaction within the block
fromstringExecutor account address (UEA on Push Chain)
tostringActual intended target address of the transaction
contractAddressstring | nullAddress of deployed contract (null for regular transfers)
gasPriceBigIntGas price used for the transaction (in wei)
gasUsedBigIntActual gas consumed by the transaction
cumulativeGasUsedBigIntTotal gas used by all transactions in the block up to this one
logsarrayArray of log objects emitted by the transaction
logsBloomstringBloom filter for efficient log searching
statusnumberTransaction status (1 = success, 0 = failure)
rawobjectRaw on-chain transaction data
raw.fromstringActual from address that executed on chain
raw.tostringActual to address that was called on chain
raw.noncenumberActual nonce used on chain
raw.datastringActual calldata sent on chain
raw.valueBigIntActual value transferred on chain

Send Transaction with Contract Interaction

When calling a smart contract method via sendTransaction, supply the ABI-encoded function call as a hex string in the data field. You can choose ethers or viem or any of your favorite libraries to encode the function data. Or, use our utility function PushChain.utils.helpers.encodeTxData to encode the function data.

// Define the ABI for the ERC20 transfer function
const erc20Abi = [
'function transfer(address to, uint256 amount) returns (bool)',
];

// Generate the encoded function data using viem
const data = PushChain.utils.helpers.encodeTxData({
abi: erc20Abi,
functionName: 'transfer',
// Transfer 10 tokens, converted to 18 decimal places
args: ['0xRecipientAddress', PushChain.utils.helpers.parseUnits('10', 18)],
});

// Send the transaction using Push Chain SDK
const txResponse = await pushChainClient.universal.sendTransaction({
to: '0xTokenContractAddress', // The smart contract address on Push Chain
value: BigInt('0'), // No $PC being sent, just contract interaction
data: data, // The encoded function call
});

Send Transaction with Asset Movement

You can move supported assets (e.g., USDT, USDC, or other tokens) from your origin chain to Push Chain and execute your call in a single transaction.

Use the funds field to specify the amount of assets to move, and optionally the data field to specify the function call to execute on Push Chain.

Note: funds transactions are only supported from external origin chains.
Native Push Chain users should call ERC-20 transfer or transferFrom directly (instead of using funds).

// Send 1 USDT to the recipient address
const txResponse = await pushChainClient.universal.sendTransaction({
to: '0xRecipientAddress', // The recipient address on Push Chain
data: data, // pass this if you want to execute a function on Push Chain as well
funds: {
amount: PushChain.utils.helpers.parseUnits('1', 6), // 1 USDT
token: PushChain.CONSTANTS.MOVEABLE.TOKEN.ETHEREUM_SEPOLIA.USDT, // MoveableToken accessor from client
},
});

Send Batch Transactions (Multicall)

You can batch multiple calls into a single transaction. This pattern is commonly referred to as Multicall in EVM ecosystems.

To do so, instead of passing a single data field, supply an array of calls (each with to, value, and data) to sendTransaction.

Note: Batch transactions are only supported from external origin chains.
Native Push Chain users cannot use batch mode on Push but can use it on other chains (ie: when doing Route 2 or Route 3 universal transactions).

// Execute two increment() calls atomically
const incrementData = PushChain.utils.helpers.encodeTxData({
abi: CounterABI,
functionName: 'increment',
});

await client.universal.sendTransaction({
// Must be '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000' for multicall
to: '0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000',
data: [
{ to: '0xCounterContract1', value: 0n, data: incrementData },
{ to: '0xCounterContract2', value: 0n, data: incrementData },
],
});
Multicall requirements

For multicall, the to should always be zero address (0x0000000000000000000000000000000000000000). The SDK will console.warn if you pass any other address. This will become mandatory in a future release.

Live Playground

VIRTUAL NODE IDE
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